IEEE P1900.1 : IEEE Draft Standard Definitions and Concepts for Dynamic Spectrum Access: Terminology Relating to Emerging Wireless Networks, System Functionality, and Spectrum Management
IEEE/ISO/IEC 8802-3-2017/Cor 1-2018 : ISO/IEC/IEEE International Standard - Information technology -- Telecommunications and information exchange between systems -- Local and metropolitan area networks -- Specific requirements Part 3: Standard for Ethernet TECHNICAL CORRIGENDUM 1: Multi-lane timestamping
IEEE PC37.100.1 : IEEE Draft Standard of Common Requirements for High Voltage Power Switchgear Rated Above 1000 V
CLSI M11 : Methods for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Anaerobic Bacteria, 9th Edition, M11Ed9E
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute standard M11 - Methods for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Anaerobic Bacteria describes the reference standard agar dilution method (Wadsworth) and the alternative broth microdilution method.
Antimicrobial resistance patterns for many anaerobic bacteria have changed significantly over the past several years, resulting in a lack of predictability for many species. Susceptibility testing of anaerobes is recommended for surveillance purposes and for specific clinical situations. The agar dilution method is well suited for surveillance testing and research. It is also the standard with which other methods are compared.
The alternative method, broth microdilution, is well suited for the medical laboratory but is currently limited to testing Bacteroides spp. and Parabacteroides spp. organisms and selected antimicrobial agents. QC criteria for each procedure are also described.
This standardized procedure, when used in conjunction with the M100 tables, includes the most current information for drug selection, interpretation, QC, and antibiogram reports. When new problems are recognized or improvements in these criteria are made, changes will be incorporated into future editions of this standard and in M100.
ASTM D4086-18 : Standard Practice for Visual Evaluation of Metamerism
1.1 This practice describes visual methods for detecting metamerism and for estimating the magnitude of a metameric color difference.
1.2 The practice is limited to the consideration of illuminant metamerism and observer metamerism. This practice does not cover gonioapparent samples.
1.3 This practice does not provide for the computation of indices of metamerism based upon instrumental measurement of spectral characteristics.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM F986-86(2018)e1 : Standard Specification for Suction Strainer Boxes
1.1 This specification covers the design, materials, and construction of strainer boxes for use in ships' bilges and other such tank locations that require trash protection for suction pipes and pumps.
1.2 This specification covers pipe sizes from NPS 11/2 through NPS 16 (see Note 1).
Note 1: The dimensionless designator NPS (nominal pipe size) has been substituted in this specification for such traditional terms as “nominal diameter,” “size,” and “nominal size.”
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM F708-92(2018)e1 : Standard Practice for Design and Installation of Rigid Pipe Hangers
1.1 This practice covers acceptable methods of fabricating and installing rigid pipe hangers used to support shipboard piping systems with temperatures of 650°F (343°C) or less.
1.2 This practice provides guidance for the design of hanger caps, straps and standoffs, selection of hanger and hanger liner materials, hanger bolting, and hanger spacing.
1.3 Other hanger designs may be used provided they result in an adequately supported vibration-free piping system and are compatible with the intended system service and temperature limitations.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM A1016/A1016M-18a : Standard Specification for General Requirements for Ferritic Alloy Steel, Austenitic Alloy Steel, and Stainless Steel Tubes
1.1 This specification covers a group of requirements that, unless otherwise specified in an individual specification, shall apply to the ASTM product specifications noted below.
Title of Specification | ASTM |
|
|
Seamless Carbon-Molybdenum Alloy-Steel Boiler and | A209/A209M |
Seamless Ferritic and Austenitic Alloy-Steel Boiler, Superheater, | A213/A213M |
Welded Austenitic Steel Boiler, Superheater, Heat-Exchanger, | A249/A249M |
Electric-Resistance-Welded Ferritic Alloy-Steel Boiler and | A250/A250M |
Seamless and Welded Ferritic and Martensitic Stainless Steel | A268/A268M |
Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Tubing for | A269/A269M |
Seamless and Welded Austenitic and Ferritic/Austenitic | A270/A270M |
Seamless and Welded Carbon and Alloy-Steel Tubes for | A334/A334M |
Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Feedwater Heater Tubes | A688/A688M |
Austenitic Stainless Steel Tubing for Breeder Reactor Core | A771/A771M |
Seamless and Welded Ferritic/Austenitic Stainless Steel Tubing | A789/A789M |
Seamless and Welded Ferritic Stainless Steel Feedwater Heater | A803/A803M |
Seamless Austenitic and Martensitic Stainless Steel Duct | A826/A826M |
High-Frequency Induction Welded, Unannealed, Austenitic | A851 |
Welded Austenitic Alloy Steel Boiler, Superheater, Condenser, | A1098/A1098M |
1.2 In the case of conflict between a requirement of a product specification and a requirement of this general requirements specification, the product specification shall prevail. In the case of conflict between a requirement of the product specification or a requirement of this general requirements specification and a more stringent requirement of the purchase order, the purchase order shall prevail.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M” designation (SI) of the product specification is specified in the order.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM B258-18 : Standard Specification for Standard Nominal Diameters and Cross-Sectional Areas of AWG Sizes of Solid Round Wires Used as Electrical Conductors
1.1 This specification prescribes standard nominal diameters and cross-sectional areas of American Wire Gage (AWG) sizes of solid round wires, used as electrical conductors, and gives equations and rules for the calculation of standard nominal mass and lengths, resistances, and breaking strengths of such wires (Explanatory Note 1).
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values of the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification. For conductor sizes designated by AWG or kcmil sizes, the requirements in SI units have been numerically converted from the corresponding values stated or derived, in inch-pound units. For conductor sizes designated by SI units only, the requirements are stated or derived in SI units.
1.2.1 For density, resistivity and temperature, the values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM C1202-18 : Standard Test Method for Electrical Indication of Concrete's Ability to Resist Chloride Ion Penetration
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the electrical conductance of concrete to provide a rapid indication of its resistance to the penetration of chloride ions. This test method is applicable to types of concrete where correlations have been established between this test procedure and long-term chloride ponding procedures such as those described in AASHTO T 259. Examples of such correlations are discussed in Refs 1-5.2
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM C1547-02(2018) : Standard Classification for Fusion-Cast Refractory Blocks and Shapes
1.1 This classification covers commercial fusion-cast refractory blocks and shapes. Its purpose is to set forth the various types and classes of these materials according to their mineralogical compositions. These compositions are important to determining their suitability for use in specified applications. This standard is not intended to cover commercial fused grains or beads.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM C1611/C1611M-18 : Standard Test Method for Slump Flow of Self-Consolidating Concrete
1.1 This test method covers the determination of slump flow of self-consolidating concrete (SCC).
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard. (Warning-Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning-Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.3)
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM C1656-13(2018) : Standard Guide for Measuring the Reactivity of Hydraulic Refractory Castables Using Exothermic Profile
1.1 This guide applies to all castables with a reactive binder system that produces a measurable heat profile during the setting and hardening process. The majority of these systems will have calcium aluminate cement as one component of the binder system.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM C1662-18 : Standard Practice for Measurement of the Glass Dissolution Rate Using the Single-Pass Flow-Through Test Method
1.1 This practice describes a single-pass flow-through (SPFT) test method that can be used to measure the dissolution rate of a homogeneous silicate glass, including nuclear waste glasses, in various test solutions at temperatures less than 100°C. Tests may be conducted under conditions in which the effects from dissolved species on the dissolution rate are minimized to measure the forward dissolution rate at specific values of temperature and pH, or to measure the dependence of the dissolution rate on the concentrations of various solute species.
1.2 Tests are conducted by pumping solutions in either a continuous or pulsed flow mode through a reaction cell that contains the test specimen. Tests must be conducted at several solution flow rates to evaluate the effect of the flow rate on the glass dissolution rate.
1.3 This practice excludes static test methods in which flow is simulated by manually removing solution from the reaction cell and replacing it with fresh solution.
1.4 Tests may be conducted with demineralized water, chemical solutions (such as pH buffer solutions, simulated groundwater solutions, and brines), or actual groundwater.
1.5 Tests may be conducted with crushed glass of a known size fraction or monolithic specimens having known geometric surface area. The reacted solids may be examined to provide additional information regarding the behavior of the material in the test and the reaction mechanism.
1.6 Tests may be conducted with glasses containing radionuclides. However, this test method does not address safety issues for radioactive samples.
1.7 Data from these tests can be used to determine the values of kinetic model parameters needed to calculate the glass corrosion behavior in a disposal system over long periods (for example, see Practice C1174).
1.8 This practice must be performed in accordance with all quality assurance requirements for acceptance of the data.
1.9 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM C604-18 : Standard Test Method for True Specific Gravity of Refractory Materials by Gas-Comparison Pycnometer
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the true specific gravity of solid materials, and is particularly useful for materials that easily hydrate which are not suitable for test with Test Method C135. This test method may be used as an alternate for Test Methods C135, C128, and C188 for determining true specific gravity.
1.2 Units-The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.2.1 Exception-In 7.3, the equivalent SI unit is expressed in parentheses.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM C880/C880M-18 : Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Dimension Stone
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining the flexural strength of stone by use of a simple beam using quarter-point loading.
1.2 Stone tests shall be made when pertinent for the situation when the load is perpendicular to the bedding plane and when the load is parallel to the bedding plane.
1.3 As required, the flexural tests shall also be conducted under wet conditions.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM C977-18 : Standard Specification for Quicklime and Hydrated Lime for Soil Stabilization
1.1 This specification pertains to quicklime and hydrated lime, either high calcium, dolomitic, or magnesian lime, for use in stabilization of soils (see Note 2).
Note 1: Quicklime and hydrated lime act upon clay soils and may render such soils suitable for highway construction and for other load-bearing applications. In most cases, lime causes finely divided clay particles to agglomerate into coarser particles which improve load-bearing properties and subsequently the lime-treated soil hardens by chemical reaction.
Note 2: No attempt is made to present requirements for by-product lime, commercial lime slurry, and so forth. Specification requirements for these materials could be better determined on a local basis.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM C99/C99M-18 : Standard Test Method for Modulus of Rupture of Dimension Stone
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the modulus of rupture of all types of dimension stone except slate.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D2880-18a : Standard Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils
1.1 This specification covers the selection of fuels for gas turbines, excepting gas turbines used in aircraft, for the guidance of interested parties such as turbine manufacturers and the suppliers and purchasers of fuel oils. The specification sets forth the properties of fuels at the time and place of custody transfer to the user.
1.2 Three appendixes are provided for informational purposes only and do not constitute a requirement of this specification unless mutually agreed upon between the interested parties.
1.2.1 Appendix X1 describes the five grades of gas turbine fuels covered by this specification. Further, it states the significance of various test methods used in inspecting the fuels.
1.2.2 Appendix X2 discusses the sources of fuel contaminants and notes the significance of such contaminants in the operation of gas turbines and gas turbine fuel systems. The particular significance of trace metals in gas turbine fuels is noted. Upper limits of trace metals are recommended for the various grades of gas turbine fuels, but these recommended limits do not constitute a requirement of the specification unless mutually agreed upon by the interested parties. Limitations due to the use of used or recycled oil are also noted.
Note 1: The gas turbine operator should consult Practice D4418 for methods of ensuring fuels of adequate cleanliness and for guidance on long-term storage of distillate fuels and on liquids from non-petroleum sources as gas turbine.
Note 2: Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of federal, state, or local regulations which may be more restrictive.
Note 3: The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create problems in the handling of distillate gas turbine fuel oils. For more information on the subject, see Guide D4865.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D3244-18 : Standard Practice for Utilization of Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
1.1 This practice covers guidelines and statistical methodologies with which two parties, usually a supplier and a receiver, can compare and combine independently obtained test results to obtain an Assigned Test Value (ATV) for the purpose of resolving a product quality dispute.
1.2 This practice defines a technique for comparing an ATV with a specification limit.
1.3 This practice applies only to those test methods which specifically state that the repeatability and reproducibility values conform to the definitions herein.
1.4 The statistical principles and methodology outlined in this practice can also be used to obtain an ATV for specification conformance decision when multiple results are obtained for the same batch of product within a single laboratory. For this application, site precision (R') as defined in Practice D6299 shall be used in lieu of test method published reproducibility (R).
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D3699-18a : Standard Specification for Kerosine
1.1 This specification covers two grades of kerosine suitable for use in critical kerosine burner applications:
1.1.1 No. 1-K-A special low-sulfur grade kerosine suitable for use in nonflue-connected kerosine burner appliances and for use in wick-fed illuminating lamps.
1.1.2 No. 2-K-A regular grade kerosine suitable for use in flue-connected burner appliances and for use in wick-fed illuminating lamps.
1.2 This specification is intended for use in purchasing, as a reference for industry and governmental standardization, and as a source of technical information.
1.3 This specification, unless otherwise provided by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, prescribes the required properties of kerosine at the time and place of custody transfer.
Note 1: The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create problems in the handling of kerosines. For more information on the subject, see Guide D4865.
1.4 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of federal, state, or local regulations which can be more restrictive.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM F3196-18 : Standard Practice for Seeking Approval for Beyond Visual Line of Sight (BVLOS) Small Unmanned Aircraft System (sUAS) Operations
1.1 Compliance with this practice is recommended as one means of seeking approval from a civil aviation authority (CAA) to operate a small unmanned aircraft system (sUAS) beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS). Any regulatory application of this practice to sUAS and other unmanned aircraft systems (UASs) is at the discretion of the appropriate CAA.
1.2 Units-The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D4485-18a : Standard Specification for Performance of Active API Service Category Engine Oils
1.1 This specification covers engine oils for light-duty and heavy-duty internal combustion engines used under a variety of operating conditions in automobiles, trucks, vans, buses, and off-highway farm, industrial, and construction equipment.
1.2 This specification is not intended to cover engine oil applications such as outboard motors, snowmobiles, lawn mowers, motorcycles, railroad locomotives, or oceangoing vessels.
1.3 This specification is based on engine test results that generally have been correlated with results obtained on reference oils in actual service engines operating with gasoline or diesel fuel. As it pertains to the API SL engine oil category, it is based on engine test results that generally have been correlated with results obtained on reference oils run in gasoline engine Sequence Tests that defined engine oil categories prior to 2000. It should be recognized that not all aspects of engine oil performance are evaluated by the engine tests in this specification. In addition, when assessing oil performance, it is desirable that the oil be evaluated under actual operating conditions.
1.4 This specification includes bench and chemical tests that help evaluate some aspects of engine oil performance not covered by the engine tests in this specification.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5.1 Exceptions:
1.5.1.1 The roller follower shaft wear in Test Method D5966 is in mils.
1.5.1.2 The oil consumption in Test Method D6750 is in grams per kilowatthour.
Note 1: The kWh unit is deprecated. The preferred SI unit is the joule (J); 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ.
1.5.1.3 The bearing wear in Test Method D6709 is in grams and is described as weight loss, a non-SI term.
1.5.1.4 Some of the appendixes are verbatim from other sources, and non-SI units are included.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D4814-18c : Standard Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
1.1 This specification covers the establishment of requirements of liquid automotive fuels for ground vehicles equipped with spark-ignition engines.
1.2 This specification describes various characteristics of automotive fuels for use over a wide range of operating conditions. It provides for a variation of the volatility and water tolerance of automotive fuel in accordance with seasonal climatic changes at the locality where the fuel is used. For the period May 1 through Sept. 15, the maximum vapor pressure limits issued by the United States (U.S.) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) are specified for each geographical area except Alaska and Hawaii. Variation of the antiknock index with seasonal climatic changes and altitude is discussed in Appendix X1. This specification neither necessarily includes all types of fuels that are satisfactory for automotive vehicles, nor necessarily excludes fuels that can perform unsatisfactorily under certain operating conditions or in certain equipment. The significance of each of the properties of this specification is shown in Appendix X1.
1.3 The spark-ignition engine fuels covered in this specification are gasoline and its blends with oxygenates, such as alcohols and ethers and where gasoline is the primary component by volume in the blend. The concentrations and types of oxygenates are not specifically limited in this specification. The composition of both unleaded and leaded fuel is limited by economic, legal, and technical consideration, but their properties, including volatility, are defined by this specification. In many countries, regulatory authorities having jurisdiction have set laws and regulations that limit the concentration of oxygenates and certain other compounds found in spark-ignition engine fuel. In the United States, oxygenate types and concentrations are limited to those approved under the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) substantially similar rule (see X3.3.1), waivers, and partial waivers including some restrictions on vehicle and equipment use (see X3.3.2). With regard to fuel properties, including volatility, this specification can be more or less restrictive than the EPA rules, regulations, and waivers. Refer to Appendix X3 for discussions of EPA rules relating to fuel volatility, lead and phosphorous contents, sulfur content, benzene content, deposit control additive certification, and use of oxygenates in blends with unleaded gasoline. Contact the EPA for the latest versions of the rules and additional requirements.
1.4 This specification does not address the emission characteristics of reformulated spark-ignition engine fuel. Reformulated spark-ignition engine fuel is required in some areas to lower emissions from automotive vehicles, and its characteristics are described in the research report on reformulated spark-ignition engine fuel.2 However, in addition to the legal requirements found in this research report, reformulated spark-ignition engine fuel should meet the performance requirements found in this specification.
1.5 This specification represents a description of automotive fuel as of the date of publication. The specification is under continuous review, which can result in revisions based on changes in fuel, automotive requirements, or test methods, or a combination thereof. All users of this specification, therefore, should refer to the latest edition.
Note 1: If there is any doubt as to the latest edition of Specification D4814, contact ASTM International Headquarters.
1.6 Tests applicable to gasoline are not necessarily applicable to its blends with oxygenates. Consequently, the type of fuel under consideration must first be identified in order to select applicable tests. Test Method D4815 provides a procedure for determining oxygenate concentration in mass percent. Test Method D4815 also includes procedures for calculating mass oxygen content and oxygenate concentration in volume percent. Appendix X4 provides a procedure for calculating the mass oxygen content of a fuel using measured oxygenate type, oxygenate concentration in volume percent, and measured density or relative density of the fuel.
1.7 The following applies to all specified limits in this standard: For purposes of determining conformance with these specifications, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded “to the nearest unit” in the right-most significant digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding method of Practice E29. For a specification limit expressed as an integer, a trailing zero is significant only if the decimal point is specified. For a specified limit expressed as an integer, and the right-most digit is non-zero, the right-most digit is significant without a decimal point being specified. This convention applies to specified limits in Tables 1, 3, and X8.1, and it will not be observed in the remainder of this specification.
1.8 The values stated in SI units are the standard, except when other units are specified by U.S. federal regulation. Values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
Note 2: Many of the values shown in Table 1 were originally developed using U.S. customary units and were subsequently soft-converted to SI values. As a result, conversion of the SI values will sometimes differ slightly from the U.S. customary values shown because of round-off. In some cases, U.S. federal regulations specify non-SI units.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM E634-18 : Standard Practice for Sampling of Zinc and Zinc Alloys for Analysis by Spark Atomic Emission Spectrometry
1.1 This practice covers the sampling of zinc and zinc alloys to obtain a sample suitable for quantitative spark atomic emission spectrochemical analysis. Included are procedures for obtaining representative samples from molten metal, from fabricated or cast products that can be melted, and from other forms that cannot be melted.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D5762-18a : Standard Test Method for Nitrogen in Liquid Hydrocarbons, Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Boat-Inlet Chemiluminescence
1.1 This test method covers the determination of nitrogen in liquid hydrocarbons, including petroleum process streams and lubricating oils in the concentration range from 40 μg/g to 10 000 μg/g nitrogen. For light hydrocarbons containing less than 100 μg/g nitrogen, Test Method D4629 can be more appropriate.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in Section 6, 7.1, 8.2, and 8.2.2.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D6080-18a : Standard Practice for Defining the Viscosity Characteristics of Hydraulic Fluids
1.1 This practice covers all hydraulic fluids based either on petroleum, synthetic, or naturally-occurring base stocks. It is not intended for water-containing hydraulic fluids.
1.2 For determination of viscosities at low temperature, this practice uses millipascal·second (mPa·s) as the unit of viscosity. For reference, 1 mPa·s is equivalent to 1 centipoise (cP). For determination of viscosities at high temperature, this practice uses millimetre squared per second (mm²/s) as the unit of kinematic viscosity. For reference, 1 mm²/s is equivalent to 1 centistoke (cSt).
1.3 This practice is applicable to fluids ranging in kinematic viscosity from about 4 mm²/s to 150 mm²/s as measured at a reference temperature of 40 °C and to temperatures from −50 °C to +16 °C for a fluid viscosity of 750 mPa·s.
Note 1: Fluids of lesser or greater viscosity than the range described in 1.3 are seldom used as hydraulic fluids. Any mathematical extrapolation of the system to either higher or lower viscosity grades may not be appropriate. Any need to expand the system should be evaluated on its own merit.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D6158-18 : Standard Specification for Mineral Hydraulic Oils
1.1 This specification covers mineral and synthetic oils of the types API groups I, II, III, and IV used in hydraulic systems, where the performance requirements demand fluids with one of the following characteristics:
1.1.1 A refined base oil or synthetic base stock (Class HH),
1.1.2 A refined mineral base oil or synthetic base stock with rust and oxidation inhibitors (Class HL),
1.1.3 A refined mineral base oil or synthetic base stock with rust and oxidation inhibitors plus anti-wear characteristics (Class HM),
1.1.4 A refined mineral base oil or synthetic base stock with rust and oxidation inhibitors, anti-wear characteristics, and increased viscosity index higher than 140 (Class HV),
1.1.5 A refined mineral base oil or synthetic base stock with rust and oxidation inhibitors plus anti-wear characteristics meeting a higher performance level than an HM fluid to address higher demanding hydraulic systems (Class HMHP), and
1.1.6 A refined mineral base oil with rust or synthetic base stock and oxidation inhibitors, anti-wear characteristics, and increased viscosity index higher than 140 meeting a higher performance level than an HV fluid to address higher demanding hydraulic systems (Class HVHP).
1.2 This specification defines the requirements of mineral oil-based or synthetic-based hydraulic fluids that are compatible with most existing machinery components when there is adequate maintenance.
1.3 This specification defines only new lubricating oils before they are installed in the hydraulic system.
1.4 This specification defines specific types of hydraulic oils. It does not include all hydraulic oils. Some oils that are not included may be satisfactory for certain hydraulic applications. Certain equipment or conditions of use may permit or require a wider or narrower range of characteristics than those described herein.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5.1 Exception-In X1.3.9 on Wear Protection, the values of pump pressure are in MPa, and the psi follows in brackets as a reference point immediately recognized by a large part of the industry.
1.6 The following safety hazard caveat pertains to the test methods referenced in this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D6246-08(2018) : Standard Practice for Evaluating the Performance of Diffusive Samplers
1.1 This practice covers the evaluation of the performance of diffusive samplers of gases and vapors for use over sampling periods from 4 to 12 h and for wind speeds less than 0.5 m/s. Such sampling periods and wind speeds are the most common in the indoor workplace setting. This practice does not apply to static or area sampling in wind speeds less than 0.1 m/s, when diffusion outside the sampler may dominate needed convection from the ambient air to the vicinity of the sampler. Given a suitable exposure chamber, the practice can be extended to cover sampler use for other sampling periods and conditions. The aim is to provide a concise set of experiments for classifying samplers primarily in accordance with a single sampler accuracy figure. Accuracy is defined (3.2.2) in this standard so as to take into account both imprecision and uncorrected bias. Accuracy estimates refer to conditions of sampler use which are normally expected in a workplace setting. These conditions may be characterized by the temperature, atmospheric pressure, humidity, and ambient wind speed, none of which may be constant or accurately known when the sampler is used in the field. Furthermore, the accuracy accounts for the effects of diffusive loss of analyte on the estimation of time-weighted averages of concentrations which may not be constant in time. Aside from accuracy, the samplers are tested for compliance with the manufacturer's stated limits on capacity, possibly in the presence of interfering compounds.
1.2 This practice is an extension of previous research on diffusive samplers (1-14)2 as well as Practices D4597, D4598, D4599, and MDHS 27. An essential advance here is the estimation of sampler accuracy under actual conditions of use. Furthermore, the costs of sampler evaluation are reduced.
1.3 Knowledge gained from similar analytes expedites sampler evaluation. For example, interpolation of data characterizing the sampling of analytes at separated points of a homologous series of compounds is recommended. At present the procedure of (9) is suggested. Following evaluation of a sampler in use at a single homologous series member according to the present practice, higher molecular weight members would receive partial validations considering sampling rate, capacity, analytical recovery, and interferences. The test for diffusive analyte loss can be omitted if the effect is found negligible for a given sampler or analyte series.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D6877-13(2018) : Standard Test Method for Monitoring Diesel Particulate Exhaust in the Workplace
1.1 This test method covers determination of organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC) in the particulate fraction of diesel engine exhaust, hereafter referred to as diesel particulate matter (DPM). Samples of workplace atmospheres are collected on quartz-fiber filters. The method also is suitable for other types of carbonaceous aerosols and has been widely applied to environmental monitoring. It is not appropriate for sampling volatile or semi-volatile components. These components require sorbents for efficient collection.
Note 1: Sample collection and handling procedures for environmental samples differ from occupational samples. This standard addresses occupational monitoring of DPM in workplaces where diesel-powered equipment is used.
1.2 The method is based on a thermal-optical technique (1, 2).2 Speciation of OC and EC is achieved through temperature and atmosphere control, and an optical feature that corrects for sample charring (carbonization).
1.3 A portion of a 37-mm, quartz-fiber filter sample is analyzed. Results for the portion are used to calculate the total mass of OC and EC on the filter. The portion must be representative of the entire filter deposit. If the deposit is uneven, two or more representative portions should be analyzed for an average. Alternatively, the entire filter can be analyzed, in multiple portions, to determine the total mass. Open-faced cassettes give even deposits but may not be practical. At 2 L/min, closed-face cassettes generally give results equivalent to open-face cassettes if other dusts are absent. Higher flow rates may be employed, but closed-faced cassettes operated at higher flow rates (for example, 5 L/min) sometimes have uneven deposits due to particle impaction at the center of the filter. Other samplers may be required, depending on the sampling environment (2-5).
1.4 The calculated limit of detection (LOD) depends on the level of contamination of the media blanks (5). A LOD of approximately 0.2-µg carbon per cm² of filter was estimated when analyzing a sucrose standard solution applied to filter portions cleaned immediately before analysis. LODs based on media blanks stored after cleaning are usually higher. LODs based on a set of media blanks analyzed over a six month period at a commercial laboratory were OC = 1.2 µg/cm², EC = 0.4 µg/cm², and TC = 1.3 µg/cm², where TC refers to total carbon (TC = OC + EC). In practice, the LOD estimate provided by a laboratory is based on results for a set of media blanks submitted with the samples. To reduce blank variability (due to lack of loading), a manual OC-EC split is assigned at the time when oxygen is introduced. With manual splits, the SD for media blanks is typically about 0.02-0.03 µg EC/cm², giving LODs (3 × SD blank) from about 0.06-0.09 µg EC/cm². The corresponding air concentration depends on the deposit area (filter size) and air volume.
1.5 OC-EC methods are operational, which means the analytical procedure defines the analyte. The test method offers greater selectivity and precision than thermal techniques that do not correct for charring of organic components. The analysis method is simple and relatively quick (about 15 min). The analysis and data reduction are automated, and the instrument is programmable (different methods can be saved as methods for other applications).
1.6 A method (5040) for DPM based on thermal-optical analysis has been published by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Method updates (3, 4) have been published since its initial (1996) publication in the NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods (NMAM). Both OC and EC are determined by NMAM 5040. An EC exposure marker (for DPM) was recommended because EC is a more selective measure of exposure. A comprehensive review of the method and rationale for selection of an EC marker are provided in a Chapter of NMAM (5).
1.7 The thermal-optical instrument required for the analysis is manufactured by a private laboratory.3 As with most instrumentation, design improvements continue to be made. Different laboratories may be using different instrument models.
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 7.1.5, 8.3, and 12.12.2.
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D772-18 : Standard Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Flaking (Scaling) of Exterior Paints
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the degree of flaking (scaling) of exterior paints by comparison with photographic standards.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This test method is similar though not identical to ISO 4628 Part 5. ISO 4628 Part 5 uses a 0 to 5 rating scale, where a rating of 0 is no change and a rating of 5 is most severe. Test Method D772 uses a 10 to 0 rating scale, where a rating of 10 is no change and a rating of 0 is most severe. The two standards use different pictorial reference photographs for determining the rating values.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D7825-18 : Standard Practice for Generating a Process Stream Property Value through Application of a Process Stream Analyzer
1.1 This practice covers generating a Process Stream Property Value (PSPV) from the application of a process stream analyzer, which requires the use of several ASTM standards. These standards describe procedures to collect a representative sample, establish and validate the relationship to the primary test method, and calculate a property value with an expected uncertainty. Each standard builds or prepares data, or both, to be used in another standard. The workflow process culminates to produce a process stream analyzer result that represents a user defined batch of product. The sequence in which the standards are to be utilized is defined in this practice.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D7900-18 : Standard Test Method for Determination of Light Hydrocarbons in Stabilized Crude Oils by Gas Chromatography
1.1 This test method specifies a method to determine the boiling range distribution of hydrocarbons in stabilized crude oil up to and including n-nonane. A stabilized crude oil is defined as having a Reid Vapor Pressure equivalent to or less than 82.7 kPa. The results of this test method can be combined with those from Test Method D7169 and IP 545 to give a full boiling point distribution of a crude oil.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D8011-18 : Standard Specification for Natural Gasoline as a Blendstock in Ethanol Fuel Blends or as a Denaturant for Fuel Ethanol
1.1 This specification covers natural gasoline to be used as a hydrocarbon blendstock in ethanol fuel blends for flexible-fuel automotive spark-ignition engines (Specification D5798). In the United States, these blends are referred to commercially as Ethanol Flex Fuel.
1.2 This specification also covers natural gasoline to be used as a denaturant in denatured fuel ethanol for blending with gasolines for use as automotive spark-ignition engine fuel (Specification D4806).
1.3 Specific regulatory requirements for the intended uses from various jurisdictions are given in appendixes for information.
1.4 This specification is not intended to provide a market specification nor a regulatory reference for natural gasoline for any use other than as a hydrocarbon blendstock in ethanol fuel blends or as a denaturant in denatured fuel ethanol.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.5.1 Exception-Values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D8029-18 : Standard Specification for Biodegradable, Low Aquatic Toxicity Hydraulic Fluids
1.1 This specification covers performance requirements for biodegradable hydraulic fluids with low aquatic toxicity used in industrial/mobile hydraulic applications.
1.2 In some cases, biodegradable fluids have been found to perform differently than traditional mineral oils, thus separate performance requirements are desirable.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM E2234-09(2018) : Standard Practice for Sampling a Stream of Product by Attributes Indexed by AQL
1.1 This practice establishes lot or batch sampling plans and procedures for inspection by attributes using MIL-STD-105E as a basis for sampling a steady stream of lots indexed by acceptance quality limit (AQL).
1.2 This practice provides the sampling plans of MIL-STD-105E in ASTM format for use by ASTM committees and others. It recognizes the continuing usage of MIL-STD-105E in industries supported by ASTM. Most of the original text in MIL-STD-105E is preserved in Sections 4 - 6 of this practice.
1.3 No system of units is specified in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM E2535-07(2018) : Standard Guide for Handling Unbound Engineered Nanoscale Particles in Occupational Settings
1.1 This guide describes actions that could be taken by the user to minimize human exposures to unbound, engineered nanoscale particles (UNP) in research, manufacturing, laboratory and other occupational settings where UNP may reasonably be expected to be present. It is intended to provide guidance for controlling such exposures as a cautionary measure where neither relevant exposure standards nor definitive hazard and exposure information exist.
1.2 General Guidance-This guide is applicable to occupational settings where UNP may reasonably be expected to be present. Operations across those settings will vary widely in the particular aspects relevant to nanoscale particle exposure control. UNP represent a vast variety of physical and chemical characteristics (for example, morphology, mass, dimension, chemical composition, settling velocities, surface area, surface chemistry) and circumstances of use. Given the range of physical and chemical characteristics presented by the various UNP, the diversity of occupational settings and the uneven empirical knowledge of and experience with handling UNP materials, the purpose of this guide is to offer general guidance on exposure minimization approaches for UNP based upon a consensus of viewpoints, but not to establish a standard practice nor to recommend a definite course of action to follow in all cases.
1.2.1 Accordingly, not all aspects of this guide may be relevant or applicable to all circumstances of UNP handling. The user should apply reasonable judgment in applying this guide including consideration of the characteristics of the particular UNP involved, the user's engineering and other experience with the material, and the particular occupational settings where the user may apply this guide. Users are encouraged to obtain the services of qualified professionals in applying this guide.
1.2.2 Applicable Where Relevant Exposure Standards Do Not Exist-This guide assumes that the user is aware of and in compliance with any authoritative occupational exposure standard applicable to the bulk form of the UNP. This guide may be appropriate where such exposure standards do not exist, or where such standards exist, but were not developed with consideration of the nanoscale form of the material.
1.3 Applicable Where Robust Risk Information Does Not Exist-This guide assumes the absence of scientifically sound risk assessment information relevant to the particular UNP involved. Where sound risk assessment information exists, or comes to exist, any exposure control measures should be designed based on that information, and not premised on this guide. Such measures may be more or less stringent than those suggested by this guide.
1.4 Materials Within Scope-This guide pertains to unbound engineered nanoscale particles or their respirable agglomerates or aggregates thereof. Relevant nanoscale particle types include, for example, intentionally produced fullerenes, nanotubes, nanowires, nanoropes, nanoribbons, quantum dots, nanoscale metal oxides, and other engineered nanoscale particles. Respirable particles are those having an aerodynamic equivalent diameter (AED) less than or equal to 10 µm (10 000 nm) or those particles small enough to be collected with a respirable sampler (1-3).2 The AED describes the behavior of an airborne particle and is dependent upon the particle density, shape, and size-for instance, a particle with a spherical shape, smooth surface, density of 1.0 g/cc and a physical diameter of 4 µm would have an AED of 4 µm, whereas a particle with a spherical shape, smooth surface, density of 11.35 g/cc and a physical diameter of 4 µm would have an AED of 14 µm and would therefore be of a nonrespirable size. Respirable fibers are those having physical diameters less than or equal to 3 µm (3000 nm) or those fibers small enough to be collected with a thoracic sampler (4, 5).
1.5 Materials Beyond Scope:
1.5.1 UNP may be present in various forms, such as powders or suspensions, or as agglomerates and aggregates of primary particles, or as particles dispersed in a matrix. This guide does not pertain to UNP incapable, as a practical matter, from becoming airborne or be expected to generate or release UNP in occupational settings under the particular circumstances of use (for example, UNPs dispersed or otherwise fixed within a solid, strongly bonded to a substrate or contained within a liquid matrix such as aggregated primary crystals of pigments in paints). This guide does not pertain to aggregates or agglomerates of UNP that are not of a respirable size.
1.5.2 This guide does not pertain to materials that present nanoscale surface features, but do not contain UNPs (for example, nanoscale lithography products, nanoelectronic structures or materials comprised of nanoscale layers).
1.5.3 This guide does not pertain to UNPs which exist in nature which may be present in normal ambient atmospheres or are unintentionally produced by human activities, such as by combustion processes. Nor does it pertain to materials that have established exposure control programs (for example, safe handling protocols for nanoscale biological agents) or published exposure limits such as occupational exposure limits for welding fumes. See Appendix X1.
1.6 Handling Considerations Beyond Scope-The use of this guide is limited to the scope set forth in this section. This guide generally does not address actions related to potential environmental exposures, nor to exposures potentially arising at disposal or other end-uses.
1.7 Not a Standard of Care-This guide does not necessarily represent the standard of care by which the adequacy of a set of exposure control measures should be judged; nor should this document be used without consideration of the particular materials and occupational circumstances to which it may be applied. The word “standard” in the title means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM E2864-18 : Standard Test Method for Measurement of Airborne Metal Oxide Nanoparticle Surface Area Concentration in Inhalation Exposure Chambers using Krypton Gas Adsorption
1.1 This test method covers determination of surface area of airborne metal oxide nanoparticles in inhalation exposure chambers for inhalation toxicology studies. Surface area may be measured by gas adsorption methods using adsorbates such as nitrogen, krypton, and argon (Brunauer et al. (1),2 Anderson (2), Gregg and Sing (3)) or by ion attachment and mobility-based methods (Ku and Maynard (4)). This test method is specific to the measurement of surface area by gas adsorption by krypton gas adsorption. The test method permits the use of any modern commercial krypton adsorption instruments but strictly defines the sample collection, outgassing, and analysis procedures for metal and metal oxide nanoparticles. Use of krypton is required due to the low overall surface area of particle-laden samples and the need to accurately measure the background surface area of the filter used for sample collection. Instrument-reported values of surface area based on the multipoint Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) equation (Brunauer et al. (1), Anderson (2), Gregg and Sing (3)) are used to calculate surface area of airborne nanoparticles collected on a filter.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. State all numerical values in terms of SI units unless specific instrumentation software reports surface area using alternate units.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM E3070-18 : Standard Test Method for Shear Thinning Index of Non-Newtonian Liquids Using a Rotational Viscometer
1.1 This test method describes the determination of the shear thinning index of a shear-rate dependent (non-Newtonian) fluid using a rotational viscometer. A value of the shear thinning index of unity indicates that the material is Newtonian in behavior. A value greater than unity indicates shear thinning behavior.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM E352-18 : Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Tool Steels and Other Similar Medium- and High-Alloy Steels
1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of tool steels and other similar medium- and high-alloy steels having chemical compositions within the following limits:
Element | Composition Range, % |
Aluminum | 0.005 to 1.5 |
Boron | 0.001 to 0.10 |
Carbon | 0.03 to 2.50 |
Chromium | 0.10 to 14.0 |
Cobalt | 0.10 to 14.0 |
Copper | 0.01 to 2.0 |
Lead | 0.001 to 0.01 |
Manganese | 0.10 to 15.00 |
Molybdenum | 0.01 to 10.00 |
Nickel | 0.02 to 4.00 |
Nitrogen | 0.001 to 0.20 |
Phosphorus | 0.002 to 0.05 |
Silicon | 0.10 to 2.50 |
Sulfur | 0.002 to 0.40 |
Tungsten | 0.01 to 21.00 |
Vanadium | 0.02 to 5.50 |
1.2 The test methods in this standard are contained in the sections indicated below:
|
| Sections |
Carbon, Total, by the Combustion- |
| 125-135 |
Carbon, Total, by the Combustion Gravimetric |
| 78-88 |
Chromium by the Atomic Absorption | (0.006 % to 1.00 %) | 174-183 |
Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate | (0.10 % to 14.00 %) | 184-192 |
Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate-Oxidation |
| 117-124 |
Cobalt by the Ion-Exchange- | (2 % to 14 %) | 52-59 |
Cobalt by the Nitroso-R-Salt | (0.10 % to 5.0 %) | 60-69 |
Copper by the Neocuproine | (0.01 % to 2.00 %) | 89-98 |
Copper by the Sulfide Precipitation- | (0.01 % to 2.0 %) | 70-77 |
Lead by the Ion-Exchange-Atomic | (0.001 % to 0.01 %) | 99-108 |
Manganese by the Periodate | (0.10 % to 5.00 %) | 9-18 |
Molybdenum by the Ion Exchange- |
| 203-210 |
Molybdenum by the Thiocyanate Spectrophotometric Method | (0.01 % to 1.50 %) | 162-173 |
Nickel by the Dimethylglyoxime | (0.1 % to 4.0 %) | 144-151 |
Phosphorus by the Alkalimetric Method | (0.01 % to 0.05 %) | 136-143 |
Phosphorus by the Molybdenum Blue | (0.002 % to 0.05 %) | 19-29 |
Silicon by the Gravimetric Method | (0.10 % to 2.50 %) | 45-51 |
Sulfur by the Gravimetric |
| 29-35 |
Sulfur by the Combustion-Iodate |
| 36-44 |
Sulfur by the Chromatographic |
| 109-116 |
Tin by the Solvent Extraction- | (0.002 % to 0.10 %) | 152-161 |
Vanadium by the Atomic | (0.006 % to 0.15 %) | 193-202 |
1.3 Test methods for the determination of carbon and sulfur not included in this standard can be found in Test Methods E1019.
1.4 Some of the composition ranges given in 1.1 are too broad to be covered by a single test method and therefore this standard contains multiple test methods for some elements. The user must select the proper test method by matching the information given in the Scope and Interference sections of each test method with the composition of the alloy to be analyzed.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in Section 6 and in special “Warning” paragraphs throughout these test methods.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D5048-18 : Standard Test Method for Measuring the Comparative Burning Characteristics and Resistance to Burn-Through of Solid Plastics Using a 125-mm Flame
1.1 This fire-test-response standard contains a test method for small-scale laboratory procedures to be used to determine the relative burning characteristics and the resistance to burn-through of plastics using small bar and plaque specimens exposed to a 125-mm (500-W nominal) flame.
1.1.1 Use Test Method D3801 for assessing comparative burning characteristics of solid plastics in a vertical position.
Note 1: This test method is equivalent to IEC 60695-11-20 and UL 94 (Section 9).
1.2 The results are intended to serve as a preliminary indication of their acceptability with respect to flammability for a particular application. The final acceptance of the material is dependent upon its use in the end-product that conforms with the standards applicable to such end-product.
1.3 The classification system described in Appendix X1 is intended for quality assurance and the preselection of component materials for products.
1.4 If found to be appropriate, it is suitable to apply the requirements to other nonmetallic materials. Such application is outside the scope of this technical committee.
1.5 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.
1.6 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazards or fire risk assessment of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 6.1.1 for a specific hazard statement.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
SAE AMS6428L : Steel, Bars, Forgings, and Tubing 0.78Cr - 1.8Ni - 0.35Mo - 0.20V (0.32 - 0.38C) (4335 Mod)
CIE 015:2018 : Colorimetry, 4th edition
As a new feature, the publication also includes further details of advanced colorimetry, including colour appearance models, and new findings on cone-fundamental-based tristimulus functions, with appropriate references to other CIE publications. Additionally, new illuminants for different LED types are introduced.
This publication is consistent with the fundamental data and procedures described in the CIE International Standards on colorimetry.
For further details of some of the phenomena discussed in the document the reader is directed to the appropriate CIE Technical Reports.
This report replaces CIE 15:2004 "Colorimetry, 3rd Edition".
The publication is written in English, with a short summary in French and German. It consists of 111 pages with one figure and 26 tables.
PIP ELEGL01 : Overall Electrical One-Line Diagram Guideline
The guidelines in this Practice provide a balance between showing all data on OEOLDs and making OEOLDs legible and easy to read. Although this Practice describes major components in the electrical system, specific applications may require additional or alternative components. Determinations concerning fitness for purpose and matters of application of the Practice to a particular project or engineering situation should not be made solely on the information contained in this Practice.