Provides guidance on the application of human factors engineering principles to instructions provided by manufacturers for cleaning medical devices.
AAMI TIR55:2014 : Human factors engineering for processing medical devices
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AAMI TIR63:2014 : Management of loaned critical and semi-critical medical devices that require sterilization or high-level disinfection
This technical information report identifies the necessary steps to effectively manage medical devices not owned by the health care facility in which they are used.
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ASHRAE Papers: 2015 Winter Conference (web access and download) - Chicago, IL
All 93 ASHRAE Conference Papers, and the preprints of the Technical Papers and Poster Session Papers presented at the 2015 ASHRAE Winter Conference in Chicago, Illinois, are conveniently compiled in this single product. The papers are included as individual PDF files. The download contains a full search capability that lets you quickly find what you’re looking for by subject, title, or author. High-quality images provide replicas of the hardcopy papers, including the full text, charts, tables, graphs, illustrations, and equations. The PDF files are also fully printable.
Also in this product is a complete transcription of the Discussions of the Technical Papers presented at the 2014 ASHRAE Annual Conference in Seattle, Washington (also in PDF). These Discussions were held during question and answer periods following presentations of the papers and are published along with the papers in the print volume of ASHRAE Transactions, Volume 120, Part 2.
System Requirements: 1.3 GHz or faster processor, Microsoft® Windows® Vista (32 and 64 bit); Windows 7 (32 and 64 bit); Windows 8 (32 and 64 bit), 1 GB of RAM (2 GB Recommended), Microsoft® Internet Explorer 8 or higher, Adobe® Acrobat®/Adobe Reader® 10.0 or higher, 500 MB of available hard-disk space.
Citation: ASHRAE Transactions
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AGA F00015 : Residential Gas Market Survey, 2013 Data
This report provides a comprehensive look at the residential natural gas market, including market shares by city, region, and overall U.S.; appliance penetration; state comparison of energy prices; LIHEAP and other bill paying assistance programs; and company-by-company comparisons of customers, throughput, use per customer, revenue per customer, and revenue per Mcf.
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AGA Z3801127 : Addendum 7 to Guide for Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems, 2012 Edition (ANSI Z380.1-2012)
Addendum 6 to the 2012 Guide for Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems contains the revised federal regulations and guide material issued since the release of the 2012 edition of the guide. Contains updated U.S. DOT Pipeline Safety Code Title 49-Part 191 and Part 192, plus guide material prepared by the Gas Piping Technology Committee Accredited by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). Addenda are available for free downloading from the GPTC webpage at www.aga.org/gptc. Paper copies are available for a nominal $25 fee.
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AATCC 16.3-2014 : Colorfastness to Light: Xenon-Arc
1. Purpose and Scope
1.1 This test method provides the general principles and procedures for determining the colorfastness to light of textile materials. The test options described are applicable to textile materials of all kinds and for colorants, finishes and treatments applied to textile materials. Test options included are:
1.1 This test method provides the general principles and procedures for determining the colorfastness to light of textile materials. The test options described are applicable to textile materials of all kinds and for colorants, finishes and treatments applied to textile materials. Test options included are:
- Xenon-Arc Lamp, Alternate Light and Dark
- Xenon-Arc Lamp, Continuous Light, Black Standard Option
- Xenon-Arc Lamp, Continuous Light, Black Panel Option
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AATCC EP7-2009 : Instrumental Assessment of the Change in Color of a Test Specimen
This evaluation procedure is intended as an alternative to the visual method of Evaluation Procedure 1, Gray Scale for Color Change, for assessing the change in color of a test specimen. It is applicable to any test method referring to Gray Scales except those which involve treatment with solutions containing fluorescent whitening agents (FWA).
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AATCC 16.1-2014 : Colorfastness to Light: Outdoor
This test method provides the general principles and procedures for determining the colorfastness to light of textile materials outdoors under glass. The test options described are applicable to textile materials of all kinds and for colorants, finishes, and treatments applied to textile materials.
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AATCC 16.2-2014 : Colorfastness to Light: Carbon-Arc
This test method provides the general principles and procedures for determining the colorfastness to light of textile materials. The test options described are applicable to textile materials of all kinds and for colorants, finishes and treatments applied to textile materials. Test options included are:
- Enclosed Carbon-Arc Lamp, Continuous Light
- Enclosed Carbon-Arc Lamp, Alternate Light and Dark
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AATCC 17-2014 : Wetting Agents, Evaluation of
This test method determines the efficiency of ordinary commercial wetting agents.
A weighted cotton test skein is dropped into a tall cylinder containing a water solution of a wetting agent. The time required for a string stirrup conneting the weight and the skein to relax is recorded as the sinking time.
A weighted cotton test skein is dropped into a tall cylinder containing a water solution of a wetting agent. The time required for a string stirrup conneting the weight and the skein to relax is recorded as the sinking time.
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UL 1424 : Cables for Power-Limited Fire-Protective-Signaling Circuits
Cables for Power-Limited Fire-Alarm Circuits
UL 1424
1 Scope
1.1 These requirements cover 60 - 250°C (140 - 482°F) single- and multiple-conductor cables for use as fixed wiring within buildings (some are also marked for direct burial) principally for power-limited fire-alarm circuits as described in Article 760 and other applicable parts of the National Electrical Code (NEC). Cables covered by these requirements are:
1.3 A cable that contains one or more electromagnetic shields may be surface marked or have a marker tape to indicate that it is "shielded". A cable that contains one or more optical-fiber members has "-OF" supplementing the type letters and is marked in accordance with 45.1(d). A cable may consist of or contain one or more coaxial members.
1.4 The overall jacket on a cable that has "sun res" or "sunlight resistant" in a surface marking or on a marker tape complies with a 720-h sunlight-resistance test.
1.5 A cable that has "dir bur", "direct burial", or "for direct burial" in a surface marking or on a marker tape complies with a 1000-lbf crushing test. Direct-burial cable with wire armor, a metal braid, interlocked metal armor, or a smooth or corrugated metal sheath has a jacket over the metal covering.
1.6 Smoke and fire considerations are as follows for the cables covered in these requirements:
1.8 "Power-limited fire-alarm circuit cable" is used:
1.10 These requirements do not cover the optical or other performance of any optical-fiber member or group of such members. See 8.3.
UL 1424
1 Scope
1.1 These requirements cover 60 - 250°C (140 - 482°F) single- and multiple-conductor cables for use as fixed wiring within buildings (some are also marked for direct burial) principally for power-limited fire-alarm circuits as described in Article 760 and other applicable parts of the National Electrical Code (NEC). Cables covered by these requirements are:
- a) Type FPLP (plenum cable),
- b) Type FPLR (riser cable), and
- c) Type FPL (cable for other than plenum and riser uses in general and in trays), and "Power-limited fire-alarm circuit cable" (cable for limited use).
1.3 A cable that contains one or more electromagnetic shields may be surface marked or have a marker tape to indicate that it is "shielded". A cable that contains one or more optical-fiber members has "-OF" supplementing the type letters and is marked in accordance with 45.1(d). A cable may consist of or contain one or more coaxial members.
1.4 The overall jacket on a cable that has "sun res" or "sunlight resistant" in a surface marking or on a marker tape complies with a 720-h sunlight-resistance test.
1.5 A cable that has "dir bur", "direct burial", or "for direct burial" in a surface marking or on a marker tape complies with a 1000-lbf crushing test. Direct-burial cable with wire armor, a metal braid, interlocked metal armor, or a smooth or corrugated metal sheath has a jacket over the metal covering.
1.6 Smoke and fire considerations are as follows for the cables covered in these requirements:
- a) TYPE FPLP CABLE - Cable that is intended for installation in accordance with section 760-154(A) of the National Electrical Code (ANSI/NFPA 70) in a duct, plenum, or other space used to transport environmental air without the cable being enclosed in a raceway in that space is to be tested for smoke and flame characteristics in accordance with the National Fire Protection Association Standard Method of Test for Flame Travel and Smoke of Wires and Cables for Use in Air-Handling Spaces, ANSI/NFPA 262. A cable that complies exhibits a maximum flame-propagation distance that is not greater than 5 ft, 0 inch or 152 cm, a peak optical density of smoke produced of 0.50 or less (32 percent light transmission), and an average optical density of smoke produced of 0.15 or less.
- b) TYPE FPLR CABLE - Cable that is intended for use in vertical runs in a shaft, or for installations in which the cable penetrates more than one floor, as specified in section 760-154(B) of the National Electrical Code ANSI/NFPA 70. This cable is to be tested for flame-propagation characteristics in accordance with the Standard Test for Flame Propagation Height of Electrical and Optical-Fiber Cables Installed Vertically in Shafts, UL 1666. A cable that complies has a flame-propagation height less than 12 ft, 0 inch or 366 cm and temperatures are 850.0°F (454.4°C) or less at a height of 12 ft, 0 inch or 366 cm.
- c) TYPE FPL CABLE - Type FPL cable complies with a 70,000 Btu/h (20.5 kW) vertical-tray flame test. The cable manufacturer chooses one of the following tests:
- 1) THE UL TEST REFERENCED IN 23.2.1 - This paragraph applies the test method described as the UL Flame Exposure (smoke measurements are not applicable) in the Standard Vertical-Tray Fire-Propagation and Smoke-Release Test for Electrical and Optical-Fiber Cables, UL 1685, to cable that is surface marked or designated by a marker tape as "FPL". A cable of a given construction shall not exhibit char that reaches the upper end of any specimen (a maximum of 8 ft, 0 inch or 244 cm).
- 2) THE FT4/IEEE 1202 TEST REFERENCED IN 23.3.1 - This paragraph applies the test method described as the FT4/IEEE 1202 Type of Flame Exposure (smoke measurements are not applicable) in the Standard Vertical-Tray Fire-Propagation and Smoke-Release Test for Electrical and Optical-Fiber Cables, UL 1685. This test differs from the UL tests in loading (more cables are used, with small cables bundled, and the spacing between cables or bundles is limited), burner angle, and failure criterion. For compliance, this test damages less than 150 cm (59 inches) of cable. A cable that complies either is not marked or it bears the designation "FT4/IEEE 1202" or "FT4" legible on or through the outer surface or on a marker tape [see marking in 44.1(i)].
- d) POWER-LIMITED FIRE-ALARM CIRCUIT CABLE - Cable that is surface marked or designated by a marker tape as "power-limited fire-alarm circuit cable" or as "power ltd fire alarm cable" complies with the VW-1 vertical-specimen flame test. The cable is not marked "VW-1".
1.8 "Power-limited fire-alarm circuit cable" is used:
- a) In nonconcealed spaces in which the exposed length of cable does not exceed 10 ft or 3.05 m, and
- b) In raceway.
1.10 These requirements do not cover the optical or other performance of any optical-fiber member or group of such members. See 8.3.
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AATCC 22-2014 : Water Repellency: Spray Test
This test method is applicable to any textile fabric, which may or may not have been given a water-repellent finish. It measures the resistance of fabrics to wetting by water. It is especially suitable for measuring the watger-repellent efficacy of finishes applied to fabrics.
the results obtained with this test method depend on the resistance to wetting or water repellency of the fibers, yarrns and finishes on the fabric, and upon the construction of the fabric.
the results obtained with this test method depend on the resistance to wetting or water repellency of the fibers, yarrns and finishes on the fabric, and upon the construction of the fabric.
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CAN/CSA C61869-1:14 : Instrument transformers - Part 1: General requirements (Adopted IEC 61869-1:2007, edition 1.0:2007, with Canadian deviations)
CSA Preface
This is the first edition of CAN/CSA-C61869-1, Instrument transformers - Part 1: General requirements, which is an adoption, with Canadian deviations, of the identically titled IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) Standard 61869-1:2007 (edition 1.0:2007). For brevity, this Standard will be referred to as "CAN/CSA-C61869-1" throughout. This Standard is part of the C61869 series of standards on instrument transformers, which consists of adoptions with Canadian deviations of the IEC 61869 series of standards. The IEC 61869 series restructures and updates the previous IEC 60044 series of standards. Requirements common to a variety of instrument transformer types are grouped in CAN/CSA-C61869-1; the remaining standards in the series state requirements for specific types of instrument transformers.Scope
This International Standard is applicable to newly manufactured instrument transformers with analogue or digital output for use with electrical measuring instruments or electrical protective devices having rated frequencies from 15 Hz to 100 Hz. This standard is a product family standard and covers general requirements only. For each kind of instrument transformer the product standard is composed by this standard and the relevant specific standard. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Preface CSA
Domaine d'application La présente Norme internationale s'applique aux transformateurs de mesure de construction récente équipés d'une sortie analogique ou numérique, destinés à être utilisés avec des appareils de mesure électriques ou des dispositifs de protection électriques de fréquences assignées comprises entre 15 Hz et 100 Hz. La présente norme est une norme de famille de produit et couvre uniquement les conditions générales. Pour chaque genre de transformateur de mesure la norme produit se compose de cette norme et de la norme spécifique appropriée.↧
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CSA C22.2 NO. 227.3-15 : Nonmetallic Mechanical Protection Tubing (NMPT) and fittings (Bi-National standard, with UL 1696).
Preface
This is the harmonized CSA Group and UL standard for mechanical protection tubing (MPT) and fittings. It is the fourth edition of CSA C22.2 No. 227.3, and the second edition of UL 1696. This edition of CSA C22.2 No. 227.3 supersedes the previous edition of CSA C22.2 No. 227.3 published on March 18, 2005. This edition of UL 1696 supersedes the first edition of UL 1696 published on March 18, 2005. Previously, requirements for MPT were found in the common CSA and UL Standard for Nonmetallic Mechanical Protection Tubing (NMPT) and UL 1696A, Outline of Investigation for Mechanical Protection Tubing.Scope
1.1 This Standard applies to nonmetallic or composite mechanical protection tubing (MPT), and nonmetallic, composite or metallic fittings, and clamps used for the support, routing and mechanical protection of conductors, wires, and cables. The MPT, fittings, and clamps are intended to be used to interconnect separate component assemblies or consoles of electrical devices, such as robotics, medical or X-ray equipment. The mechanical protection afforded the internal wiring contained within the tubing is considered equivalent to the protection provided by a type SJT flexible cord. Mechanical protection tubing (MPT) may be submitted without fittings, clamps, etc. 1.2 The MPT, fittings, and clamps covered by this Standard are not intended for use as a wiring method in accordance with NFPA 70, National Electrical Code (NEC) and CSA C22.1-12, Canadian Electrical Code (CE Code), Part I. 1.3 This Standard does not include standard trade sizes. The MPT, fittings, and clamps from different manufacturers are not interchangeable unless the combination of MPT, fittings, and clamps are determined to be in accordance with this Standard.↧
ASTM D1883-14 : Standard Test Method for California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of Laboratory-Compacted Soils
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of pavement subgrade, subbase, and base course materials from laboratory compacted specimens. The test method is primarily intended for, but not limited to, evaluating the strength of materials having maximum particle size less than ³/4 in. (19 mm).
1.2 When materials having a maximum particle size greater than ³/4 in. (19 mm) are to be tested, this test method provides for modifying the gradation of the material so that the material used for tests all passes the ³/4-in. (19-mm) sieve while the total gravel (3 in. (75 mm) to plus No. 4 (4.75 mm)) fraction remains the same. While traditionally this method of specimen preparation has been used to avoid the error inherent in testing materials containing large particles in the CBR test apparatus, the modified material may have significantly different strength properties than the original material. However, a large experience database has been developed using this test method for materials for which the gradation has been modified, and satisfactory design methods are in use based on the results of tests using this procedure.
1.3 Past practice has shown that CBR results for those materials having substantial percentages of particles retained on the No. 4 (4.75 mm) sieve are more variable than for finer materials. Consequently, more trials may be required for these materials to establish a reliable CBR.
1.4 This test method provides for the determination of the CBR of a material at optimum water content or a range of water content from a specified compaction test and a specified dry unit weight. The dry unit weight is usually given as a percentage of maximum dry unit weight determined by Test Methods D698 or D1557.
1.5 The client requesting the test may specify the water content or range of water contents and the dry unit weight for which the CBR is desired.
1.6 Unless specified otherwise by the requesting client, or unless it has been shown to have no effect on test results for the material being tested, all specimens shall be soaked prior to penetration.
1.7 For the determination of CBR of field in-place materials, see Test Method D4429.
1.8 Units-The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The SI units given in parentheses are mathematical conversions, which are provided for information purposes only and are not considered standard. Reporting of test results in units other than inch-pound units shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this test method.
1.8.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used when dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight), while the unit for mass is slugs. The slug unit is not given, unless dynamic (F = ma) calculations are involved.
1.8.2 The slug unit of mass is almost never used in commercial practice; that is, density, balances, etc. Therefore, the standard unit for mass in this standard is either kilogram (kg) or gram (g), or both. Also, the equivalent inch-pound unit (slug) is not given/presented in parentheses.
1.8.3 It is common practice in the engineering/construction profession, in the United States, to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit of mass (lbm) and of force (lbf). This implicitly combines two separate systems of units; that is, the absolute system and the gravitational system. It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use of two separate sets of inchpound units within a single standard. As stated, this standard includes the gravitational system of inch-pound units and does not use/present the slug unit for mass. However, the use of balances or scales recording pounds of mass (lbm) or recording density in lbm/ft³ shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.
1.8.4 The terms density and unit weight are often used interchangeably. Density is mass per unit volume whereas unit weight is force per unit volume. In this standard, density is given only in SI units. After the density has been determined, the unit weight is calculated in SI or inch-pound units, or both.
1.9 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.
1.9.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user's objectives, and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits or reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analytical methods for engineering design.
1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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ASTM C785-08(2015) : Standard Specification for Nuclear-Grade Aluminum Oxide Pellets
1.1 This specification applies to pellets of aluminum oxide that may be ultimately used in a reactor core, for example, as filler or spacers within fuel, burnable poison, or control rods. In order to distinguish between the subject pellets and “burnable poison” pellets, it is established that the subject pellets are not intended to be used as neutron-absorbing material.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
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ASTM D1709-15 : Standard Test Methods for Impact Resistance of Plastic Film by the Free-Falling Dart Method
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the energy that causes plastic film to fail under specified conditions of impact of a free-falling dart. This energy is expressed in terms of the weight (mass) of the missile falling from a specified height which would result in 50 % failure of specimens tested.
1.2 Two test methods are described:
1.2.1 Test Method A employs a dart with a 38.10 ± 0.13-mm (1.500 ± 0.005-in.) diameter hemispherical head dropped from a height of 0.66 ± 0.01 m (26.0 ± 0.4 in.). This test method may be used for films whose impact resistances require masses of about 50 g or less to about 2 kg to fracture them.
1.2.2 Test Method B employs a dart with a 50.80 ± 0.13-mm (2.000 ± 0.005-in.) diameter hemispherical head dropped from a height of 1.50 ± 0.03 m (60.0 + 0.25, −1.70 in.). Its range of applicability is from about 0.3 kg to about 2 kg.
1.3 Two testing techniques are described:
1.3.1 The standard technique is the staircase method. By this technique, a uniform missile weight increment is employed during test and the missile weight is decreased or increased by the uniform increment after test of each specimen, depending upon the result (fail or not fail) observed for the specimen.
1.3.2 The alternative technique provides for testing specimens in successive groups of ten. One missile weight is employed for each group and missile weight is varied in uniform increments from group to group.
1.3.3 The staircase technique and the alternative technique give equivalent results both as to the values of impact failure weight which are obtained and as to the precisions with which they are determined.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values stated in parentheses are for information only.
Note 1: Tests on materials that do not break, for any reason, are not considered to be valid. It has been noted that certain materials may stretch so far as to bottom out at the base of certain test instruments without actually rupturing. Subcommittee D20.19 is currently considering methods for testing these materials. Anyone interested in participating in a Task Group should contact the Chairman of Subcommittee D20.19 through ASTM International Headquarters.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 2: Film has been arbitrarily defined as sheeting having nominal thickness not greater than 0.25 mm (0.010 in.).
Note 3: This test method is technically equivalent to ISO 7765-1: 1988, with the exception of a larger tolerance on the drop height in Test Method B, smaller tolerances on the dart diameters for Test Methods A and B, and the requirement for a vented dart well in 5.1.1. Also, the ISO method does not allow the alternative testing technique described in Section 11 of this test method.
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ASTM C760-90(2015) : Standard Test Methods for Chemical and Spectrochemical Analysis of Nuclear-Grade Silver-Indium-Cadmium Alloys
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the chemical and spectrochemical analysis of nuclear grade silver-indium-cadmium (Ag-In-Cd) alloys to determine compliance with specifications.
1.2 The analytical procedures appear in the following order:
| Sections |
Silver, Indium, and Cadmium by a Titration Method | 7 - 15 |
Trace Impurities by Carrier-Distillation Spectro- | 16 - 22 |
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard and precautionary statements, see Section 5 and Practices E50.
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ASTM D2847-14 : Standard Practice for Testing Engine Coolants in Car and Light Truck Service
1.1 This practice covers an updated procedure for evaluating corrosion protection and performance of an engine coolant in passenger car, light and heavy duty truck service that closely imitates current vehicle and engine manufacturers practices.
Note 1: Coolant evaluation in vehicle service may require considerable time and expense; therefore, the product should be pretested in the laboratory for general acceptability. Typical tests vary from small, closely controlled tests, to large tests where close control is not always practical. The most often referenced protocols for laboratory testing are defined in Specifications D3306, D6210, D7517, D7518, D7714, and D7715.
1.2 The units quoted in this practice are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are approximate equivalents for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7.
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ASTM D3176-15 : Standard Practice for Ultimate Analysis of Coal and Coke
1.1 This practice covers the term ultimate analysis as it is applied to the analysis of coal and coke. The information derived is intended for the general utilization by applicable industries, to provide the basis for evaluation, beneficiation, or for other purposes.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.2.1 All percentages are percent mass fractions.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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