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ASTM E1481-00a(2014)e1 : Standard Terminology of Railing Systems and Rails for Buildings

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1.1 This terminology consists of terms and definitions pertaining to railing systems and rails for buildings, and in particular, terms related to the standards generated by ASTM Committee E06 on Performance of Building Constructions.

1.2 The purpose of this terminology is to provide meanings and explanations of technical terms, written for both the technical expert and the non-expert user.

1.3 This terminology is one of a group of special terminologies subsidiary to the comprehensive Terminology E631.

1.4 Terms are listed in alphabetical sequence. Compound terms appear in the natural spoken order. Where definitions herein are adopted from other sources, they are exact copies. The source is identified at the right margin following the definition and is listed in Section 2.

1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.


ASTM E155-14 : Standard Reference Radiographs for Inspection of Aluminum and Magnesium Castings

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1.1 These reference radiographs illustrate the types and degrees of discontinuities that may be found in aluminum-alloy and magnesium-alloy castings. The castings illustrated are in thicknesses of 1/4 in. (6.35 mm) and ³/4 in. (19.1 mm). The reference radiograph films are an adjunct to this document and must be purchased separately from ASTM International if needed.

1.2 These film reference radiographs are not intended to illustrate the types and degrees of discontinuities found in aluminum-alloy and magnesium-alloy castings when performing digital radiography. If performing digital radiography of aluminum-alloy castings, refer to Digital Reference Image Standard E2422. If performing digital radiography of magnesium-alloy castings, refer to Digital Reference Image Standard E2869.

1.3 This document may be used where no other applicable document exists, for other material thicknesses for which it has been found to be applicable and for which agreement has been reached between the purchaser and the manufacturer.

1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.

1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Note 1: Vol I: The set of reference radiographs consists of 13 plates covering discontinuities in aluminum-alloy castings and 10 plates covering discontinuities in magnesium-alloy castings. Each plate is held in an 81/2 by 11-in. (216 by 279-mm) cardboard frame and each plate illustrates eight grades of severity for the discontinuity in approximately a 2 by 2-in. (51 by 51-mm) area. The cardboard frames are contained in a 101/2 by 111/2-in. (267 by 292-mm) ring binder. The reference radiographs are not impacted by this revision. There have been no revisions to the adjunct reference radiographs since original issue. The adjunct reference radiographs of any issue remain valid and may be used to this standard.

Vol. II: The set of reference radiographs consists of four plates covering discontinuities in magnesium-alloy castings only. Each plate is held in an 81/2 by 11-in. (216 by 279-mm) cardboard frame and illustrates eight grades of severity for the discontinuity (with the exception of discrete discontinuities, where only one example of each discontinuity is given).

Note 2: Reference radiographs applicable to aluminum and magnesium die castings up to 1 in. (25 mm) in thickness are contained in Reference Radiographs E505.

ASTM A1022/A1022M-14a : Standard Specification for Deformed and Plain Stainless Steel Wire and Welded Wire for Concrete Reinforcement

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1.1 This specification covers stainless steel wire and welded wire reinforcement produced from hot-rolled stainless steel rod. The stainless steel wire is cold-worked, drawn or rolled, plain (non-deformed) or deformed or a combination of deformed and plain. It is used as concrete reinforcement for applications requiring resistance to corrosion or controlled magnetic permeability, or both. Common wire sizes and dimensions are found in this specification. Actual wire sizes are not restricted to those shown in the tables.

1.2 Supplement S1 describes high strength wire, which shall be furnished when specifically ordered. It shall be permissible to furnish high strength wire in place of regular wire if mutually agreed to by the purchaser and supplier.

1.2.1 A supplementary requirement (S2) of an optional nature is provided. It shall apply only when specified by the purchaser. In order to obtain a corrosion tested or controlled magnetic permeability product, steel conforming to Supplementary Requirement S2 should be ordered.

1.3 The chemical composition of the steel (stainless grade) shall be selected for suitability to the application involved by agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser. Use Specification A276 for chemical requirements. The UNS designations are to be included with the type number and noted in brackets, that is, austenitic stainless steels as Type 304 [S30400], 304L [S30403], 316 [S31600], 316L [S31603], 316N [S31651], 316LN [S31653] and duplex stainless steels, Types 2205 [S32205] and 329 [S32900].

Note 1: Only austenitic and duplex stainless steels are usually recommended for use as reinforcement in concrete because of their high corrosion resistance. Austenitic stainless steels have good general corrosion resistance, strength characteristics which can be improved by cold working, good toughness and ductility properties at low temperatures, and low magnetic permeability. Duplex stainless steels have generally a corrosion resistance greater than that of most austenitic steels and are magnetic. Other stainless steels with different chemical compositions than the series and types mentioned above, may be used for less restrictive applications.

1.4 Wire for welded wire reinforcement is generally manufactured at 75 ksi [520 MPa] yield strength level. Other strength levels shall be by agreement between the purchaser and manufacturer.

Note 2: The term used to refer to yield strength levels are the same as those in ASTM Standards for welded wire reinforcement.

1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.

ASTM E2678-09(2014) : Standard Guide for Education and Training in Computer Forensics

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1.1 This guide will improve and advance computer forensics through the development of model curricula consistent with other forensic science programs.

1.2 Section 4 describes the alternative paths by which students may arrive at and move through their professional training. Sections 5 through 7 cover formal educational programs in order of increasing length: a two- year associate degree, a four-year baccalaureate degree, and graduate degrees. Section 8 provides a framework for academic certificate programs offered by educational institutions. Section 9 outlines model criteria and implementation approaches for training and continuing education opportunities provided by professional organizations, vendors, and academic institutions.

1.3 Some professional organizations recognize computer forensics, forensic audio, video, and image analysis as subdisciplines of computer forensics. However, the curricula and specific educational training requirements of subdisciplines other than computer forensics are beyond the scope of this guide.

1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ASTM E2700-14 : Standard Practice for Contact Ultrasonic Testing of Welds Using Phased Arrays

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1.1 This practice describes ultrasonic techniques for inspecting welds using phased array ultrasonic methods (see Note 1).

1.2 This practice uses angle beams, either in S-scan or E-scan modes, primarily for butt welds and Tee welds. Alternative welding techniques, such as solid state bonding (for example, friction stir welding) and fusion welding (for example, electron beam welding) can be inspected using this practice provided adequate coverage and techniques are documented and approved. Practices for specific geometries such as spot welds are not included. The practice is intended to be used on thicknesses of 9 to 200 mm (0.375 to 8 in.). Greater and lesser thicknesses may be tested using this standard practice if the technique can be demonstrated to provide adequate detection on mockups of the same wall thickness and geometry.

1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.

1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.

Note 1: This practice is based on experience with ferrous and aluminum alloys. Other metallic materials can be examined using this practice provided reference standards can be developed that demonstrate that the particular material and weld can be successfully penetrated by an ultrasonic beam.

Note 2: For additional pertinent information, see Practices E2491, E317, and E587.

ASTM E446-14 : Standard Reference Radiographs for Steel Castings Up to 2 in. (50.8 mm) in Thickness

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1.1 These reference radiographs2 illustrate various categories, types, and severity levels of discontinuities occurring in steel castings that have section thicknesses up to 2 in. (50.8 mm) (see Note 2). The reference radiograph films are an adjunct to this standard and must be purchased separately from ASTM International, if needed (see 2.2). Categories and severity levels for each discontinuity type represented by these reference radiographs are described in 1.3.

Note 1: The basis of application for these reference radiographs requires a prior purchaser supplier agreement of radiographic examination attributes and classification criterion as described in Sections 4, 6, and 7 of this standard.

Note 2: Reference radiographs previously used for this thickness range carried the designation E71, but included a now rarely used gamma source, that is, radium. The current document is also updated by inclusion of several recognized shrinkage or C categories and by elimination of the crack and hot tear categories except for one example of each of these discontinuity types. Reference radiographs for thicker sections may be found in Reference Radiograph standards E186 and E280. Reference Radiograph standards E446 and E186 provide some overlap of severity levels for similar discontinuity categories within the same energy level range (see 4.2, 5.1, and 6.3).

1.2 These film reference radiographs are not intended to illustrate the types and degrees of discontinuities found in steel castings when performing digital radiography. If performing digital radiography of steel castings up to 2 in. (50.8 mm) in thickness, refer to Digital Reference Image Standard E2868.

1.3 These reference radiographs consist of three separate volumes (see Note 3) as follows: (I) medium voltage (nominal 250-kV) X rays. (II) 1-MV X rays and Iridium-192 radiation, and (III) 2-MV to 4-MV X rays and cobalt-60 radiation. Unless otherwise specified in a purchaser supplier agreement (see 1.1), each volume is for comparison only with production radiographs produced with radiation energy levels within the thickness range covered by this standard. Each volume consists of six categories of graded discontinuities of increasing severity level and four categories of ungraded discontinuities. Reference radiographs containing ungraded discontinuities are provided as a guide for recognition of a specific casting discontinuity type where severity levels are not needed. Following is a list of discontinuity categories, types and severity levels for the adjunct reference radiographs of this standard:

1.3.1 Category A-Gas porosity; severity levels 1 through 5.

1.3.2 Category B-Sand and slag inclusions; severity levels 1 through 5.

1.3.3 Category C-Shrinkage; 4 types:

1.3.3.1 Ca-linear shrinkage-Severity levels 1 through 5.

1.3.3.2 Cb-feathery shrinkage-Severity levels 1 through 5.

1.3.3.3 Cc-sponge shrinkage-Severity levels 1 through 5.

1.3.3.4 Cd-combinations of linear, feathery and sponge shrinkage-Severity levels 1 through 5.

1.3.4 Category D-Crack; 1 illustration.

1.3.5 Category E-Hot tear; 1 illustration.

1.3.6 Category F-Insert; 1 illustration.

1.3.7 Category G-Mottling; 1 illustration.

Note 3: The reference radiographs consist of the following:
Volume I: Medium Voltage (nominal 250 kVp) X-Ray Reference Radiographs-set of 34 illustrations (nominal 5 by 7 in.) in a 15 by 17-in. ring binder.
Volume II: 1-MV X Rays and Iridium-192 Reference Radiographs-Set of 34 illustrations (nominal 5 by 7 in.) in a 15 by 17-in. ring binder.
Volume III: 2-MV to 4-MV X Rays and Cobalt-60 Reference Radiographs-Set of 34 illustrations (nominal 5 by 7 in.) in a 15 by 17-in. ring binder.

Note 4: Although Category G-Mottling is listed for all three volumes, the appearance of mottling is dependent on the level of radiation energy. Mottling appears reasonably prominent in Volume I; however, because of the higher radiation energy levels mottling may not be apparent in Volume II nor Volume III.

1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. SI values are shown for information only.

1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ASTM E754-80(2014)e1 : Standard Test Method for Pullout Resistance of Ties and Anchors Embedded in Masonry Mortar Joints

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1.1 This test method provides procedures for determining the ability of individual masonry ties and anchors to resist extraction from a masonry mortar joint.

1.2 Two laboratory testing procedures are provided for use with test specimens which consist of a masonry tie or anchor embedded in mortar between twin stack-bonded masonry units.

1.2.1 Procedure A-For use with small (brick-size) masonry units.

1.2.2 Procedure B-For use with large (block-size) masonry units.

1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.

1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ASTM F2057-14 : Standard Safety Specification for Clothing Storage Units

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1.1 This safety specification is intended to reduce injuries and deaths of children from hazards associated with tipover of free-standing clothing storage units, such as chests, door chests and dressers, over 30 in. (762 mm) in height.

1.2 This safety specification does not cover shelving units, such as bookcases or entertainment furniture, office furniture, dining room furniture, jewelry armoires, underbed drawer storage units or built-in units intended to be permanently attached to the building.

1.3 This safety specification is intended to cover children up to and including age five.2

1.4 This safety specification replaces PS 110-98.

1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.

1.6 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test procedure portion, Section 7, of this safety specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.


ASTM D4175-14 : Standard Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and Lubricants

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1.1 This terminology standard covers the compilation of terminology developed by Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants, except that it does not include terms/definitions specific only to the standards in which they appear.

1.1.1 The terminology, mostly definitions, is unique to petroleum, petroleum products, lubricants, and certain products from biomass and chemical synthesis. Meanings of the same terms outside of applications to petroleum, petroleum products, and lubricants can be found in other compilations and in dictionaries of general usage.

1.1.2 The terms/definitions exist in two places: (1) in the standards in which they appear and (2) in this compilation.

UL 1981 : Central-Station Automation Systems

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UL 1981
1 Scope

1.1 These requirements cover the design, manufacture, implementation, and support of automation system units and accessories intended to be used in central-stations and proprietary stations for the reception, processing, dispatch, responses, and record keeping of property protection and life safety signals. Automated monitoring systems are a combination of computerized automation software and subsystems, including LAN/WAN network communications under control of the central-station. The monitoring system units and accessories and subsystems provide all the monitoring, control, communications audible indications and visual display functions of the system and shall meet all applicable requirements as specified by this Standard.

1.2 These requirements also cover special considerations for proprietary and national industrial security system application software.

1.3 These requirements do not cover hardware receiver units that are evaluated under separate equipment standards such as the Standard for Proprietary Burglar Alarm Units and Systems, UL 1076, the Standard for Central-Station Burglar Alarm Units, UL 1610, the Standard for Control Units and Accessories for Fire Alarm Systems, UL 864, and the Standard for Digital Alarm Communicator System Units, UL 1635.

1.4 These requirements do not cover the building needed to house the automation system, the staffing requirements, the power system(s), wiring expectations, spare parts, support policies, the specifics required by the Monitoring Equivalent Weight (MEW) factor, and any other requirement that falls outside the specifics of this automation standard. This information can be found within the latest edition of Standard for Central-Station Alarm Services, UL 827.

UL 827 : Central-Station Alarm Services

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Central-Station Alarm Services
UL 827
1 Scope
1.1 These requirements apply to:
  • a) Central stations providing watchman, fire-alarm, and supervisory services as described in the National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code, NFPA 72;
  • b) Central-station burglar-alarm systems intended and specifically designated for burglary protection use at mercantile and banking premises, on mercantile safes and vaults, and on bank safes and vaults;
  • c) Residential monitoring stations monitoring residential alarm systems;
  • d) Redundant sites; and
  • e) Remote signal management centers.


1.2 These requirements apply to monitoring stations that are intended to be located in buildings constructed in accordance with building codes, such as the Building Officials and Code Administrators (BOCA) National Building Code, the International Building Code, the Standard Building Code, and the Uniform Building Code.

1.3 The central-station burglar- and fire-alarm or residential alarm systems covered by these requirements are systems in which the operation of electrical protection circuits and devices are signaled automatically to, recorded in, and supervised from a central-station or residential monitoring station having trained operators on duty at all times.

1.4 Requirements covering the construction and operation of burglar-alarm units used in the burglar-alarm systems covered by this Standard are contained in the Standard for Central-Station Burglar-Alarm Units, UL 1610, and the Standard for Digital Alarm Communicator System Units, UL 1635.

1.5 Burglar-alarm protective devices installed on individual properties are classified as to the extent of protection at each location. Requirements covering installation and classification (of extent) of alarm protective equipment at individual locations are contained in the Standard for Installation and Classification of Burglar and Holdup Alarm Systems, UL 681.

1.6 Burglar-alarm protective devices installed in residential alarm systems at individual properties are classified as to the extent of protection at each location. Requirements covering installation and classification (of extent) of alarm protective equipment at individual locations are contained in the Standard for Installation and Classification of Residential Burglar Alarm Systems, UL 1641.

1.7 Requirements covering the construction and operation of fire-protective signaling equipment used in the systems covered by this standard are contained in the Standard for Control Units and Accessories for Fire Alarm Systems, UL 864.

1.8 Requirements for the installation of fire-alarm initiating devices and notification appliances installed at individual properties are contained in the National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code, NFPA 72.

1.9 Systems covered by these requirements operate within the limits of the National Electrical Code, NFPA 70, as applied by the local authority having jurisdiction. The Articles of the National Electrical Code that apply are:
  • a) Article 725, within the limits of Class 2 or Class 3 remote-control and signaling circuits for burglar-alarm systems;
  • b) Article 760 for fire-alarm systems;
  • c) Article 800 for outside wiring and protectors;
  • d) Article 820 for protectors for radio antennas; and
  • e) Article 830 for Network-Powered Broadband Communications Systems.


1.10 Requirements for software and hardware, and the installation and operation of an automation system in a central station, remote signal management center, redundant site, subsidiary station or residential monitoring station are covered by the Standard for Central-Station Automation Systems, UL 1981, or by the Standard for Control Units and Accessories for Fire Alarm Systems, UL 864, and/or the Standard for Central-Station Burglar-Alarm Units, UL 1610.

1.11 A reference made to "station" refers to a central station (burglary or fire), remote signal management center, subsidiary station, or residential monitoring station, depending upon the context in which it is used

1.12 These requirements do not cover the communication channel between the protected property and the station unless the communication company is owned and operated by the station. This includes:
  • a) The company that provides the communication channel; and
  • b) The equipment that is used to provide the communication channel.
1.13 The units, devices, and systems covered by the above standards shall operate, and be applied as defined therein, unless this Standard, UL 827, indicates otherwise.

CIE x040:2014 : Proceedings of CIE Expert Symposium on Measurement Uncertainties in Photometry and Radiometry for Industry

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This Symposium was organized by CIE Division 2 in cooperation with the CIE Central Bureau, and was hosted by the CIE Central Bureau in Vienna, Austria. The Symposium featured contributed papers of leading experts in photometry and radiometry presenting facts and recent research in measurement uncertainties in photometry and radiometry, especially regarding application in industry.

AASHTO LRFDSEIS-2-I3 : 2015 Interim Revisions, Guide Specifications for LRFD Seismic Bridge Design, 2nd Edition

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The 2015 interim contains updated information for the AASHTO Guide Specifications for LRFD Seismic Bridge Design, 2nd Edition. It is necessary to have this and the 2015 interim revisions to have all current specification information.

CLSI C62-A : Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Methods; Approved Guideline, C62AE

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This document provides guidance to the clinical laboratorian for the reduction of interlaboratory variance and the evaluation of interferences, assay performance, and other pertinent characteristics of clinical assays. This guideline emphasizes particular areas related to assay development and presents a standardized approach for method verification that is specific to mass spectrometry technology.

AAMI TIR58:2014 : Water testing methodologies

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The Technical Information Report (TIR) includes common test methods used to monitor hemodialysis water treatment systems and product water. The TIR identifies the contaminants; provides the maximum allowable levels and action levels from various standards (AAMI/ISO) and other references as applicable; describes symptoms that hemodialysis patients might experience with exposure to the contaminant; describes effects of the contaminant on hemodialysis equipment and water treatment systems; lists common test methodologies used for analysis/detection of the contaminant at the laboratory and clinic level; notes test interferences that can be associated with a specific test method.

AAMI/ISO TIR17137:2014 : Cardiovascular implants and extracorporeal systems - Cardiovascular absorbable implants

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Outlines design verification and validation considerations for absorbable cardiovascular implants. Applies to implants in direct contact with the cardiovascular system, where the intended action is upon the circulatory system.

AAMI/ISO 14708-1:2014 : Implants for surgery - Active implantable medical devices - Part 1: General requirements for safety, marking and for information to be provided by the manufacturer

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Specifies requirements that are generally applicable to active implantable medical devices. The tests that are specified in this document are type tests and are to be carried out on samples of an active implantable medical device to show compliance. This document is applicable not only to active implantable medical devices that are electrically powered but also to those powered by other energy sources. This document is also applicable to some non-implantable parts and accessories of the active implantable medical devices.

AAMI/IEC 80601-2-58:2014 : Medical electrical equipment - Part 2-58: Particular requirements for basic safety and essential performance of lens removal and vitrectomy devices for ophthalmic surgery

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The purpose of this standard is to set appropriate requirements for the safety and performance of lens removal and vitrectomy devices for ophthalmic surgery to reduce the risk of detrimental impact on the medical treatment to an acceptable level for their intended use. The benefit of this standard is to the medical industry, manufacturers, medical regulators, hospitals, clinics, medical users and finally to the patient.

AAMI/ISO TIR16775:2014 : Packaging for terminally sterilized medical devices - Guidance on the application of ISO 11607-1 and ISO 11607-2

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This technical report contains guidance on the application of ISO 11607-1:2006, Packaging for terminally sterilized medical devices - Part 1: Requirements for materials, sterile barrier systems and packaging systems and ISO 11607-2:2006, Packaging for terminally sterilized medical device - Part 2: Validation requirements for forming, sealing, and assembly processes. Possible options for compliance with the requirements of Parts 1 and 2 will be addressed as special concerns that may require attention due to regional or local conditions, practices or regulations.

AAMI/ISO 10993-3:2014 : Biological evaluation of medical devices, Part 3: Tests for genotoxicity, carcinogenicity and reproductive toxicity

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AAMI/ISO 10993-3 specifies strategies for hazard identification and tests on medical devices for genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, and reproductive and developmental toxicity.
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