IEC 61811-55:2002 Is a blank detail specification applicable to electromechanical all-or-nothing telecom relays of assessed quality. Selects the appropriate methods of test to be used in detail specifications and contains basic test schedules to be used in the preparation of such specifications. The contents of the corrigendum of June 2002 have been included in this copy.
IEC 61811-55 Ed. 2.0 b:2002 : Electromechanical all-or-nothing relays - Part 55: Blank detail specification - Electromechanical all-or-nothing telecom relays of assessed quality - Two change-over contacts, 11 mm x 7,5 mm (max.) base
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IEC 62035 Ed. 2.0 en:2014 : Discharge lamps (excluding fluorescent lamps) - Safety specifications
IEC 62035:2014 specifies the safety requirements for discharge lamps (excluding fluorescent lamps) for general lighting purposes. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1999, AMD1:2003 and AMD2:2012. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition. Photobiological safety requirements are taken care of on basis of the risk group concept of IEC 62471 and the technical report IEC TR 62778 on blue light hazard. This has consequences for terms, marking, structure of 4.6, and introduction of a new symbol "Caution, do not stare at light source". Special attention is given to blue light hazard.
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IEC 62851-3 Ed. 1.0 b:2014 : Alarm and electronic security systems - Social alarm systems - Part 3: Local unit and controller
IEC 62851-3:2014 specifies the minimum requirements and tests for local units and controllers forming part of a social alarm system. This International Standard applies to local units and controllers that receive an alarm triggering signal from manually or automatically activated trigger devices and convert this into an alarm signal for transmission to the alarm receiving centre or an alarm recipient. The design should also take into consideration situations where the user may be unable to send an alarm, or where an unwanted alarm may be sent, due to technical malfunctions or poor ergonomic design.
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IEC 62851-2 Ed. 1.0 b:2014 : Alarm and electronic security systems - Social alarm systems - Part 2: Trigger devices
IEC 62851-2:2014 specifies the requirements and tests for manually-activated trigger devices forming part of a social alarm system. This International Standard only applies to manually-activated trigger devices that transmit the alarm triggering signal to a local unit or controller via cable or wire-free radio transmission, i.e.
- push button fixed;
- pull switch fixed;
- push button portable;
- pull switch portable. This standard also gives guidance on automatically-activated trigger devices. For the requirements and tests applicable to such trigger devices, references are made to appropriate ISO/IEC standards for fire alarm, gas alarm and intruder alarm system components.
- push button fixed;
- pull switch fixed;
- push button portable;
- pull switch portable. This standard also gives guidance on automatically-activated trigger devices. For the requirements and tests applicable to such trigger devices, references are made to appropriate ISO/IEC standards for fire alarm, gas alarm and intruder alarm system components.
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IEC 62851-1 Ed. 1.0 b:2014 : Alarm and electronic security systems - Social alarm systems - Part 1: System requirements
IEC 62851-1:2014 specifies the minimum requirements for a social alarm system allowing the vocal and/or visual communication between a person and a social alarm service. For people with disabilities (e.g. visual and hearing impairment), additional requirements not covered in this series of standards may apply.
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IEC 62851-5 Ed. 1.0 b:2014 : Alarm and electronic security systems - Social alarm systems - Part 5: Interconnections and communications
IEC 62851-5:2014 specifies the minimum requirements for the interconnections and communications within a social alarm system.
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IEC/TS 62773 Ed. 1.0 en:2014 : Railway applications - Procedure to determine the performance requirements for radio systems applied to radio-based train control systems
IEC TS 62773:2014 establishes a procedure to be used by rail transport authorities and/or radio suppliers to determine the appropriate performance requirements of radio system for a radio-based train control system, consistent with their specific business needs and existing conditions: the Technical Specification itself consists in defining a procedure linking preconditions to some radio parameters. Then, the appropriate performance requirements are deduced by the user of the Technical Specification from the radio parameters.
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IEC/TR 61375-2-7 Ed. 1.0 en:2014 : Electronic railway equipment - Train communication network (TCN) - Part 2-7: Wireless Train Backbone (WLTB)
IEC TR 61375-2-7:2014 describes the protocols stack of a radio based wireless train backbone which is used in distributed power freight trains. This part provides information on the physical layer, the data link layer, the application layer and distributed power application.
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ASTM Volume 10.03:2014 : ASTM Book of Standards Volume 10.03: Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gases, Electrical Protective Equipment
Published annually in May.
This volume contains 100 standards.
These standards on electrical insulating liquids and gases include specifications for materials such as mineral oil and askarels, and tests for assessing the properties of insulating liquids and gases. Also included are specifications and tests on tools, equipment, and materials used to protect workers from electrical hazards.
This volume contains 100 standards.
These standards on electrical insulating liquids and gases include specifications for materials such as mineral oil and askarels, and tests for assessing the properties of insulating liquids and gases. Also included are specifications and tests on tools, equipment, and materials used to protect workers from electrical hazards.
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ASTM Section 10:2014 : ASTM Book of Standards - Section 10 - Electrical Insulation and Electronics (Vols 10.01-10.04)
Published annually in May. Ships as published.2013 collection includes 390 standards.
This section includes Volumes 10.01 through 10.04.
- Volume 10.01 Electrical Insulation (I): D 69-D 2484
- Volume 10.02 Electrical Insulation (II): D 2518--latest
- Volume 10.03 Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gases; Electrical Protective Equipment
- Volume 10.04 Electronics
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ASTM Volume 11.02:2014 : ASTM Book of Standards Volume 11.02: Water and Environmental Technology: Water (II)
Published annually in May.
This collection contains 222 standards
Volume 11.02 is divided into 6 sections, and features standards on general specifications, technical resources, and statistical methods.
- Organic Constituents--presents general analysis methods and tests for specific constituents and waterborne oils.
- Radioactivity--includes measuring radioactivity and specific radionuclides.
- Saline and Brackish Waters, Seawaters, and Brines--determines specific constituents such as barium, iodide and bromide, and chloride ions.
- Microbiological Examination--examines subjects such as coliphages and adenosine triphoshate (ATP) content.
- Water-Formed Deposits--covers chemical microscopy, preparation and preliminary testing of water-formed deposits, and trace element extraction.
- Water Treatment Materials--features chemicals, particulate ion-exchange materials, membrane filters, and reverse osmosis devices.
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ANSI H35.5-2013 : Nomenclature System for Aluminum Metal Matrix Composite Materials
This standard describes a nomenclature system for designating Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites, including identification of:
- 1. The matrix composition, and
- 2. The type, volume percent and composition of the reinforcement material
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IEEE 3001.5-2013 : IEEE Recommended Practice for the Application of Power Distribution Apparatus in Industrial and Commercial Power Systems
New IEEE Standard - Active.
The selection and application of power distribution apparatus used in industrial and commercial power systems are covered in this recommended practice. It is likely to be of greatest value to the power-oriented engineer with limited experience with this equipment. It can also be an aid to all engineers responsible for the electrical design of industrial and commercial power systems.
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IEEE 421.4-2014 : IEEE Guide for the Preparation of Excitation System Specifications
Revision Standard - Active.
This guide is intended to provide to the specification writer the information to prepare a specification for the purchase of an excitation system. This guide is presented in narrative form with descriptions of functions typical of excitation systems. Narrative is provided describing types of excitation systems and information required for sizing the excitation system.
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IEEE C37.98-2013 : IEEE Standard for Seismic Qualification Testing of Protective Relays and Auxiliaries for Nuclear Facilities
Revision Standard - Active.
The methods and conditions for seismic qualification of protective relays and auxiliaries such as test and control switches, terminal blocks, and indicating lamps for use in nuclear facilities are described in this standard. The primary intent of this standard is to focus on fragility testing and seismic qualification, also known as proof testing (either to generic levels or specific levels). This standard covers relays used in nuclear facilities, but may also be applied to any area in which the seismic response of relays is a design consideration. The prerequisites for the seismic test are defined in IEEE Std C37.105.
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The Impact of Urban Form on Buildings' Energy Performance in Hot-Arid Climates
The impact of urbanization on the microclimate of cities is substantial, caused by a rapid growth of populationespecially in urban areas. This issue leads to a concentration of anthropogenic activities associated with modifications ofland surfaces, leading to the formation of what is called "urban heat island" (UHI) phenomenon. The UHI causes outdoorthermal discomfort and is responsible for the increase of energy consumption, mainly cooling demands, in buildingslocated inside the urban canyon. The existing literature shows that this issue has been studied extensively in temperate andcold climates, concentrating on reducing heating energy demand; however, more investigation is needed in hot-aridclimatic zones, where the UHI intensity is aggravated leading to an increase of cooling energy demand. Thus, the purposeof the study is to understand the relationship between the urban form and energy consumption in urban areas located inhot-arid regions. The paper is an exploratory study to investigate and identify the principal descriptors of urban structuresthat impinge on the energy performance of buildings inside the canyon. To achieve the goal of the study, a rigorous analysisof the existing literature was performed for various climatic conditions to assess the influence of these descriptors on thelocal microclimate and energy consumption in buildings. It was found that there are three aspects of the urban canyon thatplay a significant role in influencing the local microclimate as well as energy consumption in buildings: the site coverage(determined by surface-to-volume ratio), the urban canyon density (determined by the building height to street width ratio(H/W) and sky view factor), and the orientation of streets and buildings inside the canyon. It was found that a sitecoverage of 60% leads to a potential reduction in cooling energy loads by 30%. In terms of density, it was reported that anaverage variation in the maximum air temperature during the day could reach up to 6°C (10.8°F) between deep andshallow canyons with H/W ratios of 9.7 and 0.6, respectively. With respect to orientation, it was observed that east-westoriented streets have the highest surface temperature of 40.5°C (105°F), compared to north-south and north-east/south-weststreets with ground surface temperatures of 39.35°C (102.8°F) and 38.85°C (100.4°F), respectively. Moreover, it was foundthat a west-facing wall is significantly higher than the ambient air temperature, reaching a maximum of 53°C (128 °F) at16:00.
Keywords: urban form; energy consumption; hot-arid climates; urban density; cooling energy
Citation: First International Conference on Energy and Indoor Environment for Hot Climates, Doha, Qatar, February 2014
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Passive Pre-Cooling Potential For Reducing Building Air-Conditioning Loads in Hot Climates
A major source of energy consumption in the building sector is the extensive use of Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) systems to meet the rising demands for indoor comfort. Advancements in reducing cooling loads will have a direct impact on energy consumption in the built environment. The present study investigated the thermal performance of a heat pipe heat exchanger in transferring sensible heat from high temperature natural air streams. In order to ensure the system's sustainable operation, water was used as the working fluid and heat is transferred using its indirect evaporation phenomenon. The physical domain comprised of 19 cylindrical copper heat pipes measuring 800 mm in length and 15.9 mm in internal diameter, assembled in a systematic arrangement at an angle of 90° with respect to ground. The heat pipes were divided by a separator plate to segregate the evaporator and condenser ends from each other. Hot air at 41°C was delivered to the evaporator end while a temperature of 15°C was maintained in control volume at the condenser end. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was used in order to analyze the heat pipe model at fixed inlet velocities of 1m/s and 2.3m/s. The results showed a maximum temperature reduction of 3.8°C at an external air velocity of 1m/s, delivering an internal air temperature of 37.2°C. A cooling load of 976W was achieved indicating a heat pipe effectiveness of 6.4% when the velocity was increased to 2.3m/s. The numerical values predicted at the measurement locations were compared against experimental results for the purpose of validation. Good correlation was observed between the two techniques with error variations of 10% for air velocity and 28% for air temperature. The present study identified the potential of sustainable pre-cooling using a heat pipe heat exchanger in natural ventilation air streams for regions incorporating hot and dry climatic conditions.
Citation: International Conference on Energy and Indoor Environment for Hot Climates, Doha, Qatar, February 2014
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Three Measures to Reducing Energy Consumption of Space Conditioning Systems in Hot Climate
Because of the increasing cost of energy and the awareness of the impact of global warming, reducing fossil-energy consumption has become a key area for actions during the last decades. There is strong popular belief that the climate change is anthropogenic and attributed to fossil fuel consumption. Heating and cooling systems in residential and commercial buildings are the major energy consumer. In hot and country like Arabian Peninsula, the share of air conditioning systems excesses the half energy consumption. It is worth to mention that in such region 100 % of energy consumption coms from fossil fuel. This provides the challenge to study energy consumption of buildings and find methods to increase the performance of such systems.
Current paper shows the impact of different measures on reducing the cooling load of the buildings in hot climate. The examined measures are (1) U-value of the external shell, (2) indoor set-temperature, and (3) lighting efficacy. For this aim, a common type of residential house in Doha, was chosen as case study. The cooling load of the case study estimated using a simulation model bases on Hourly Analysis Program.
The calculations show that different measures have different impact on the annual cooling loading of the building. It was also shown that the effect of each measure depends on the construction thermal quality of the building. A brief economic comparison between the examined measured was done as well.
Citation: First International Conference on Energy and Indoor Environment for Hot Climates, Doha, Qatar, February 2014
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Active Double and Triple Glazing Thermal Shield in Façades
Glass use is increasing as a construction material; however, glass façades add little to the thermal inertia of the envelope and solar radiation causes greenhouse effect inside the building, especially in hot climates. The purpose of this work is to show how the spectral and thermal behaviour of an innovative concept of glass façade, the Active Glass system, help controlling the unwanted effects of solar radiation.
Active Glass is the result of a research programme developed in Madrid's Polytechnic University. It is based on the physical property of water being opaque to infrared radiation, thus absorbing up to 60% of solar radiation energy, without significantly absorbing the remaining of visible wavelength.
Active Glass system is based on a double -or triple- glazing with water flowing through the inner chamber: glass façade transparency is not reduced, but transmission of solar energy in the near infrared region (NIR) is lower due to the higher radiation absorption power of water over air. Also, substitution of water for air in the glazing adds thermal inertia to the envelope. The combined result is an active glazing system which is able to better manage the energy inside the building.
Disposing of the heat captured by the water can be achieved in different ways. In hot climates it can either be dissipated together with the building´s other heat loads in whatever refrigeration system is provided, or it can be stored in a tank and cooled down by evaporative refrigeration or night dissipation at a very low energy cost. Active Glass System offers a seamless integration of the product in the facade to capture the solar thermal load before it gets inside the building. Furthermore, it contributes to an improved thermal feeling inside the building as it provides a more uniform temperature. The system combines comfort with architectural values of 21st century like architectural aesthetics, natural lighting and cost advantages of glass curtain wall facades.
Comparison between predicted simulation data and actual data obtained from an existing demonstration prototype is included in the paper, which ends up with a brief description of Cuenca (central Spain) Journalism Faculty façade.
Citation: First International Conference on Energy and Indoor Environment for Hot Climates, Doha, Qatar, February 2014
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Indirect Evaporative Precooling of Fresh Air Using Heat Exchangers with Enhanced Flow Passages
DOAS with indirect evaporative precooling of supply air using heat exchangers with enhanced flow passages is presented. Benefits of patented primary and secondary corrugations of the flow passages of the air to air heat recovery heat exchanger are discussed. Compact heat exchangers with high effectiveness and low pressure drop are presented with case studies depicting the utility of such heat exchangers in DOASs. Precooling outside fresh air, close to its wet bulb temperature, using treated sewage water or saline water in these counter flow heat exchangers is presented. Good Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) can be affordably maintained using waste water.
The paper includes case studies indicating the thermal performance and potential savings with such DOAS in Mumbai and five Middle East cities. Simulation results of achievable effectiveness for this system in different processes and conditions are presented. Important factors like the energy savings, amount of CO2 emission reduction and payback are also listed. Typical payback is in range of 0.5 to 1 year. Approach to WBT will be 2 to 5°C depending on operating conditions.
Citation: First International Conference on Energy and Indoor Environment for Hot Climates, Doha, Qatar, February 2014
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